Experimental equipment
1. Terahertz spectrometer based on backward-wave oscillators.
Operational frequency range — 0.03 ТHz – 1.45 ТHz
Operational beam power — 1mW – 100mW
Measurable values — spectra of:
Complex transmission coefficient — Tr*
Reflection coefficient— R
Refractive index — n* = n + ik
Dielectric permittivity — epsilon* = epsilon1+i epsilon2
Conductivity — s* = s1 + is2
Magnetic susceptibility — mu* = mu1 + i mu2
Dielectric loss angle — tg delta
Absorption index — a
Frequency resolution:
Relative — Delta f/f ~ 10-4 – 10-5
Average absolute — 0.001 cm-1
Dynamic range — 40 dB – 60 dB
Signal-noise ratio — 104 – 106
Degree of polarization of working radiation— 99.99%
Time to record a 100 point spectrum:
Amplitude range T(f) or R(f) — 10s – 20s
Phase spectrum — 20s– 40s
A description of the BWO spectrometer can be found in:
- G.V.Kozlov, A.M.Prokhorov, A.A.Volkov. Submillimeter dielectric spectroscopy of solids. Problems of Solid State Physics. Eds. A.M.Prokhorov, A.S.Prokhorov. Mir Publishers, Moscow (1984).
- A.A.Volkov, Yu.G.Goncharov, G.V.Kozlov, S.P.Lebedev, A.M.Prokhorov. Dielectric measurements in the submillimeter wavelength region. Infrared Phys., vol.25, p.369-373, 1985.
- A.A.Volkov, G.V.Kozlov, A.M.Prokhorov. Progress in submillimeter spectroscopy of solid state. Infrared Phys. Vol.29, p.747-752, 1989.
- G.Kozlov, A.Volkov. Coherent source submillimeter wave spectroscopy. Topics in Applied Physics vol.74. Millimeter and submillimeter spectroscopy of solids. Ed.G.Gruner. Springer, 1998.
- B.Gorshunov, A.Volkov, I.Spektor, A.Prokhorov, A.Mukhin, M.Dressel, S.Uchida, A.Loidl. Terahertz BWO-spectroscopy. Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, vol.26, N9, p.1217-1240, 2005.
- Б.П.Горшунов, А.С.Прохоров, И.Е.Спектор, А.А.Волков. Субмиллиметровая спектроскопия материалов с коррелированными электронами. Известия ВУЗов, Радиофизика. XLVIII, стр.926, 2005.
2. Time-domain Terahertz spectrometer – company MenloSystems Tera K15
- Measurement of transmission coefficient and dielectric parameters of plane parallel solid samples and liquids.
- Spectral range 0.15 - 1.8 THz (5 – 60 cm-1).
- Dynamical range 75 dB.
- Spectral resolution 0.2 cm-1
- Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
3. Infrared vacuum Fourier spectrometer Bruker Vertex 80v.
- Measurement of transmission and reflection coefficients of planeparallel samples.
- Spectral range 40 - 25000 cm-1
- Spectral resolution 0.06 cm-1
- Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
- Measurements in vacuum.
Microscope Hyperion 2000
- Measurement of transmission and reflection coefficients of planeparallel samples.
- Spectral range 500-16000 cm-1
- Spectral resolution 0.06 cm-1
- Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
- Spatial resolution 1 micron.
4. Terahertz puls time-domain spectrometer TeraView TPS Spectra 3000.
- Measurement of transmission coefficient and dielectric parameters of plane parallel solid samples and liquids.
- Spectral range 0.06 - 4 THz (2 cm-1 - 133 cm-1).
- Dynamical range 80 dB.
- Spectral resolution 0.2 cm-1
- Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
- Measurements in vacuum.
5. Fluorimeter Cary eclipse 600
- Optical range 290 - 900 nm
- Spectral resolution 0.2 nm
- Scan speed 400 nm/sec
- Thermostate cell
- Nitrogen cryostat
6. Precision low speed saw Allied TechCut4
- 3-6" (75-150 mm) diameter blade range, 0.5" (12.7 mm) arbor hole
- Variable speed with LED display: 10-500 RPM (10 RPM increments)
- Cutting capacity: 2" (51 mm) thickness
- Micrometer sample indexing, 1 µm resolution, 1" (25 mm) range
7. Precision polishing system Allied MultiPrep
- Dual axis, micrometer controlled angular positioning of the sample (pitch and roll): +10°/-2.5° range (0.02° increments)
- Rear digital indicator to display vertical positioning (static) with zeroing function, 1 µm resolution
- Automatic sample oscillation, adjustable sweep with 6 speeds
8. Wire saw model ws22
- Maximum sample size 40 mm * 40 mm
- Wire diameter 20 - 60 micron.
- Wire oscillation frequency 300 movements/min