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Experimental equipment

1. Terahertz spectrometer based on backward-wave oscillators.

Operational frequency range — 0.03 ТHz – 1.45 ТHz

Operational beam power — 1mW – 100mW

Measurable values — spectra of:

Complex transmission coefficient — Tr* 

Reflection coefficient— R

Refractive index — n* = n + ik

Dielectric permittivity — epsilon* = epsilon1+i epsilon2

Conductivity — s* = s1 + is2

Magnetic susceptibility — mu* = mu1 + i mu2

Dielectric loss angle — tg delta

Absorption index — a

Frequency resolution:

Relative — Delta f/f ~ 10^-4 – 10^-5

Average absolute — 0.001 cm^-1

Dynamic range — 40 dB – 60 dB

Signal-noise ratio — 10⁴ – 10⁶

Degree of polarization of working radiation— 99.99%

Time to record a 100 point spectrum:

Amplitude range T(f) or R(f) — 10s – 20s

Phase spectrum — 20s– 40s

A description of the BWO spectrometer can be found in: 

• G.V.Kozlov, A.M.Prokhorov, A.A.Volkov. Submillimeter dielectric spectroscopy of solids. Problems of Solid State Physics. Eds. A.M.Prokhorov, A.S.Prokhorov. Mir Publishers, Moscow (1984).
• A.A.Volkov, Yu.G.Goncharov, G.V.Kozlov, S.P.Lebedev, A.M.Prokhorov. Dielectric measurements in the submillimeter wavelength region. Infrared Phys., vol.25, p.369-373, 1985.
• A.A.Volkov, G.V.Kozlov, A.M.Prokhorov. Progress in submillimeter spectroscopy of solid state. Infrared Phys. Vol.29, p.747-752, 1989.
• G.Kozlov, A.Volkov. Coherent source submillimeter wave spectroscopy. Topics in Applied Physics vol.74. Millimeter and submillimeter spectroscopy of solids. Ed.G.Gruner. Springer, 1998.
• B.Gorshunov, A.Volkov, I.Spektor, A.Prokhorov, A.Mukhin, M.Dressel, S.Uchida, A.Loidl. Terahertz BWO-spectroscopy. Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, vol.26, N9, p.1217-1240, 2005.
• Б.П.Горшунов, А.С.Прохоров, И.Е.Спектор, А.А.Волков. Субмиллиметровая спектроскопия материалов с коррелированными электронами. Известия ВУЗов, Радиофизика. XLVIII, стр.926, 2005.

2. Time-domain Terahertz spectrometer – company MenloSystems Tera K15

• Measurement of transmission coefficient and dielectric parameters of plane parallel solid samples and liquids.
• Spectral range 0.15 - 1.8 THz (5 – 60 cm^-1).
• Dynamical range 75 dB.
• Spectral resolution 0.2 cm^-1
• Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
  

• Measurement of transmission and reflection coefficients  of planeparallel  samples.
• Spectral range 40 - 25000 cm^-1
• Spectral resolution 0.06 cm^-1
• Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
• Measurements in vacuum.

Microscope Hyperion 2000

• Measurement of transmission and reflection coefficients  of planeparallel  samples.
• Spectral range 500-16000 cm^-1
• Spectral resolution 0.06 cm^-1
• Temperature measurements 4 - 300 К.
• Spatial resolution 1 micron.
  

5. Fluorimeter Cary eclipse 600

• 3-6" (75-150 mm) diameter blade range, 0.5" (12.7 mm) arbor hole
• Variable speed with LED display: 10-500 RPM (10 RPM increments)
• Cutting capacity: 2" (51 mm) thickness
• Micrometer sample indexing, 1 µm resolution, 1" (25 mm) range

7. Precision polishing system Allied MultiPrep

• Dual axis, micrometer controlled angular positioning of the sample (pitch and roll): +10°/-2.5° range (0.02° increments)
• Rear digital indicator to display vertical positioning (static) with zeroing function, 1 µm resolution
• Automatic sample oscillation, adjustable sweep with 6 speeds

8. Wire saw model ws22

• Maximum sample size 40 mm * 40 mm
• Wire diameter 20 - 60 micron.
• Wire oscillation frequency 300 movements/min